Research I handout from Ms. Lyric Sabado

Muntinlupa Science High School

RESEARCH I

HAND OUTS

MICROBIOLOGY

Terminology of Microbial Control

1. The control of microbial growth can prevent infections and food spoilage.

2. Sterilization is the process of destroying all microbial life on an object.

3. Commercial sterilization is heat treatment of canned food s to destroy C. botillinum endospores.

4. Disinfection is the process of reducing or inhibiting microbial growth on a nonliving surface.

5. Antisepsis is the process of reducing or inhibiting microorganisms on living tissue.

6. The suffix –cide means to kill; the suffix –stat means to inhibit.

7. Sepsis is bacterial contamination.

Physical Methods of Microbial Control

Heat

1. Heat is frequently used to eliminate microorganisms.

2. Moist heat kills microbes by denaturing enzymes.

3. Thermal death point (TDP) is the lowest temperature at which all the microbes in a liquid will be killed in 10minutes.

4. Thermal death time (TDT) is the length of time required to kill a bacteria in a liquid culture at a given temperature.

5. Decimal reduction time (DRT) is the length of time in which 90% of a bacterial population will be killed at a given temperature.

6. Boiling (100°C) kills many vegetative e cells and viruses

7. Autoclaving (steam under pressure) is the most effective method of moist heat sterilization. The steam must directly contact the material to be sterilized.

8. In HTST pasteurization, a high temperature is used for short time (72°C for 15 secs) to destroy pathogens without altering the flavor of the food. Ultra high temperature (UHT) treatment (140°C for 30 secs) is us3ed to sterile dairy products.

9. Methods of dry heat sterilization include direct flaming, incerination, and hot air sterilization. Dry heat kills by oxidation.

10. Different methods that produce the same effect (reduction in microbial growth) are called equivalent treatments.

Filtration

1. Filtration is the passage of a liquid or gas through a filter with pores small enough to retain microbes.

2. Microbes can be removed from air by high-efficiency –particulate air filters.

3. Membrane filters compost of nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate are commonly used to filter out bacteria, viruses, and even large proteins.

Low Temperature

1. The effectiveness of low temperatures depends on a particular microorganism and the intensity of the application.

2. Many microbe s survive (but do not grow) at the sub zero temperatures used to store foods.

3. Most microorganisms do not reproduce at ordinary refrigerator temperatures (o-7°C).

Desiccation

1. In the absence of water, microorganisms cannot grow but can remain viable.

2. Viruses and endospores can resist desiccation.

Osmotic Pressure

1. Microorganisms in high concentrations of salts and sugars undergo plsamolysis.

2. Molds and yeast are more capable than bacteria of growing in materials with low moisture or high osmotic pressure.

Radiation

1. The effects of radiation depend on its wavelength, in tensity, and duration.

2. Ionizing radiation (gamma rays, X rays, and high energy electron beams) has a high degree of penetration and exerts its effect primarily by ionizing water and forming highly reactive hydroxyl radicals.

3. Microwaves can kill microbes indirectly as materials get hot.

4. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation a form of nonionizing radiation has a low degree of penetration and causes cell damage.

oh ayan na. For FERMI and other juniors.

I was thinking of a vampire, really.

Hair color: I know it was black. WAS.

Eye color: I don’t know

Height: He’s definitely taller than me

Body type: Ahm, he became thinner, I guess

Weight: He’s heavy. )

High school stereotype: The good guy?

Athletic or smart: Both

Tall and skinny or short and toned: Tall and toned

Religious views: He’s a Catholic

I am definitely infatuated by Edward Cullen. I know very well that he’s a fictional character. But I am comparing him to someone mortal, who dazzles me as well.

Thinking about it, he is one of the best guys I’ve ever known. I won’t consider him as a best friend practically because I have a crush on him. And sadly, he knows but tries to be oblivious about it. It’s also not that easy to not help but like him more because of his perfectly flawed characteristic. I know he is aware that I have been crushing on him since a year ago, but he became very polite not to be mayabang or pasikat about it.

I barely talked to him for the last few months. And I have realized something that made me consider to talk to him again. If God would want him for me, then He will give me this guy at the right time. And if this guy isn’t for me, then God just wants him to be one of those people that will look out for me.

I’m very happy that I am seeing him this way again. Not the kind that I make iwas of him and try to alter my activities just to try to stay away. But it didn’t do me any good. I know, that in the right time, everything will be easier for me to understand that God works in super mysterious ways and that He won’t allow something or someone to hurt or harm me in the most unlikely way.

Yeah. I know a vampire should dazzle me.

You don’t feel the pain because it’s all psychological

I just realized that he’s in love with somebody else.

WAAHHH.

No. I don’t love him like, you know. I love him like a sister loves his kuya. He barely knows me and I know him because I spy on him. ) It just shocked me, that a person that oblivious, someone so snobby and masungit, someone who is an emo (as my mom describes him), and someone who isn’t expected to fall in love falls in love. Aba, he’s special ah. I wrote a post about him. A solo post too!

I don’t know what to feel when I knew about his feelings (but I think he’s torpe because he haven’t asked the girl out). I was screaming and my mom thought I saw another roach. Like yesterday, I want to bang my head on the monitor. I am, until now, dazed.

We were opposites. But we both believe in those principles. I won’t say it because it will be too obvious who it is. I hope him well! And another thing, I think it’s all in the mind. I didn’t feel hurt when I learned about it, and I was happy that I am not crying over something so silly. )

Haha, a little rant here, and a little rant there. XD

How change is permanent…

I don’t know how to start this post. Its been a long time since I wrote and it is somehow very hard. I feel irritated because things are changing into something that they aren’t supposed to be. I am not used to this change. If it is something for the better, why wouldn’t I agree? But if it is something like this, then I’d rather be doomed.

A friend, for me, should be someone permanent. Not that I am not permitting my friends to not ever change, but isn’t it weird if some friend of yours just go and make him/herself your very own doggie tail? It’s very annoying and irritable. I don’t have the courage to tell him/her to stop. I am afraid to hurt his/her feelings. I haven’t talk about this with my mom because I think that she will just side with my friend. She also have this pesky way of retaining things and traits that should be erased, banished, in the world forever!

My mom? She isn’t used to see my room cluttered even though my room is always messy and can be compared to be the same as a pigsty (not really, but close). I just had this argument with her and I think I’m going to freak-out or I’ll just bang my head on the monitor to avoid more damage. I know I have the fault here, but I am so tired of all the nagging and the shouting. I’ve been trying not to be mad and think of very moronic things that I’ll do if I can’t contain her sermons.

I should be aware that things would always be in constant motion. It’s like the Earth, and the other planets. But the difference is they move in constant and unchanging paths. If they ever change, then it is after some long period of time. And I can’t think that people will change or stay the same because I wanted them to. I guess I’m not the ruler of their life.

*scream*

*freak-out*

*bang head on the monitor*

*die then wake-up*

Gah.

Can’t deal with promises…

I want to talk about making promises. About making wrong decisions that will hurt after some time. It’s a little melodramatic but hey! I have the rights, this is my blog. XP

What do you feel when you are in the middle of a betting situation and you are perfectly sure that you will win? I’m sure you feel confident and very excited about the turn-out. What if you lose, and you didn’t expect it? What if you have to make a promise about your bet? What if you made the wrong decision about making bets and making promises?

I am not making any bets from now on, really. It made my life complicated. Sure, it is a no-harm-to-be-done betting but I think I’ll be crazy right after this whole thing happens. It is really hard to explain but I know you can relate, a little. I made this bet with someone, and i didn’t notice the big sign on its front saying “ALL WRONG, TURN BACK NOW“. It is too late to turn back now. I don’t want to fulfill that promise, although it will make me a bad friend. I’m getting nervous. It’s nearly lunch time! Waa.

All of you, just remember, don’t make bets that are harmful, dangerous, moronic, and all that. And try not to make promises either. For you won’t be sure of the consequences and the “feel” of this right after you don’t want to do it.

I am not busy, really

Just kidding. I am really busy. And I am just sneaking this blog post in my list of activities. I’ll start making kwento…

Trigonometry Dance- There is this project of ours. It’s a dance for our trig class. I know it sounds weird for a Math Class to be having a project like this kaso ganun talaga. It is about synchronization ata, or the likes. So we were having practices in our free time. Our class were divided into groups which makes it more difficult because the best dancers aren’t evenly distributed. We also practiced after classes. Monday, we thought we could go home early. but I went home at around 9pm or something. Of course, my mom scolded me. Argh.

Then Tuesday, we had another practice. We went to Soldiers (at the court near Pia’s) to practice and make props for a play. There were a lot of problems in doing that and a little commotionhappened. I’d rather not talk about because it is so irritating. We went home at around 9pm again. Many thanks to Pia’s kuya and mom who drove us to bayan.

Wednesday was performance day. It was very exciting and frightening at the same time. I was sick that morning so I don’t know if I can perform well. We also had this open forum which helped a lot. Silence was heard in the emotion-filled electronics room. It was a very succesful forum because our mediator, Sir Alfaro, was very efficient and we saw the changes in the class immediately. We performed that afternoon and stayed until 9pm again to make the props for the play in Values which we will present the next day.

Thursday! The presentation of the play. I’m not nervous for I am not part of the cast. But when they started performing, my hands were shaking like crazy! It was a very intersting play. I like it a lot. Hope we wll win so our section can perform for the whole student body. I got home early. And I was able to rest. Whew!

Friday was a very cold day. Haha.   Classes were suspended and I went home ahead of my classmates. I waited for about an hour before my mom arrived from the market. I just slept the whole day. Well, not really the whole day. I did some worthwhile things.

The worst th9ing that happened was that I did not attend Sunday or youth service. Frustrating. It’s my tito’s birthday kasi kaya we have to go to the party. It was fun rin naman.

Haiyy. A very busy week, right? Hope I’ll have more time this week.

Till next post!

Rants and Raves: Got faith?

Okay. So I got that “”Got faith?”" sentence or phrase or whatever in Jethro’s friendster account. He’s a classmate. It is so catchy and I am stealing it. )

I am so gonna rant and rave and everything. First of all, I want to become active in Youth-oriented activities in the Church because I want everyone not only to know and believe in Jesus, but to have a relationship with Him. I know it is too hard to explain what this relationship is. Unless you accept Him wholeheartedly, you won’t be experiencing this feeling. There are a lot of things that you have to sacrifice for this. But in the end, it is all worth the pain. Yes. It won’t be a regretful decision. I am telling you.

What I don’t get is those people who are so naive about this topic. Whenever I talk about something about God, they will tell “Oo na, banal ka na Nikki.” What they do not know is that I am so hurt by what they are saying. Don’t they realize that it was my way of saying, “Come. It is fun having someone to talk to. Someone who will understand everything. And someone who won’t change even though you are constantly changing. He won’t change the way that He will look at you, no matter what you are.” You’ll feel remorseful even if you haven’t done something bad. They just don’t understand!

And one time. I was listening to a band. It is a Christian band. And I turned up the volume and then my companion suddenly looked confused and I don’t know. But she is a Chrisitian! The realization of this made me feel so bad that I went away. I cried and felt so dumb. And felt angry too. I feel for God. I know He is hurt when His’ children are astray. I’m glad to have been lost, then found at exactly the right time.

My point is this. Do you have faith? Will you be the one to stand up for God?

The Time has Come
Hillsong United

Found love beyond all reason
You gave Your life Your all for me
And called me Yours forever
Caught in the mercy fallout
I found hope found life
Found all I need
You're all I need

The time has come
To stand for all we believe in
So I for one am gonna
Give my praise to You

Today today it's all or nothing
All they way
The praise goes out to You
Yeah all the praise goes out to You
Today today I live for one thing
To give You praise
In everything I do
Yeah all the praise goes out to You

(Repeat Verse)
(Repeat Chorus)

All we are is Yours
And all we're living for
Is all You are
Is all that You are Lord

Science Day :)

The last 2 school years in Munsci are definitely full of activities. One of these activities are month long celebrations for a certain subject. To culminate the activity, there will be an overnight camp inside the campus and the following day will be the day of games and other special activities. But for this year, it was a bit different. Almost everyone in the school waited for the announcement of jingle competitions, campings, and other activities. 3 months have passed and there was no sign of having any celebration for the following months (with exception of the Filipino Month, which was boring. Sorry!).

It was a good thing that the Saliksik Science Club arranged at least a day for some festivities. I wasn’t interested at first because of our Research Project which was included in the science exhibit. We were so busy cramming for the project. We didn’t attend the meeting for the groupings for that science day! We were all so tired and very much worried about the outcome of our project. Another thing is that we have to go to school on or before 6:15 in the morning! Imagine! I was planning not to attend, but there will be minus points on our team if I will be absent. We also have to bring 3 flattened cans. What did I expect? That It will just be a boring and stupid day.

The first activity that we watched was the board game. We won there. And then the Mad Science show. I was so bored and amazed at the same time because a.) I watched it for the 5th time because I attended those seminars in Glorietta. b.) It was so boring to sit on the hard concrete. c.) I was amazed because it was a long time before I get to see those experiments again. After that was lunch time. I ate with some friends and then I asked Reniel (He’s my best friend) to go and walk around the campus because I have to tell him all the frustrations I had for that week.

And then the events began to turn around. Instead of the boring day I was expecting, it became totally fun! The games were astig and of course I was happy kasi we won sa tug-o-war at kasama ako! Carry ko yun noh. ) It was so fun. I enjoyed everything. And for the best event..

Ten-tenenen!

The surprise activity: An impromptu jingle competition amongst the whole student body. I thought we were going to argue. Ayun. Buti na lang may clarity ang mga utak namin and we planned well. We understood one another and hoped for the best that we wont be embarrassing ourselves in front of everybody. It was fun. Really fun.

This is a super late post. I edited for 3 days and I forgot the activities that happened. But I really had fun and I hope there will be another activity like this. Kuya Nicko! Congratulations! Haha.

TILL NEXT POST!

7 Things at Random

SEVEN THINGS THAT SCARE YOU

1) be in a mortifying situation in front of my crush (noo..)

2) roaches and other disgusting insects (yuck)

3) be kicked-out of my current school (double nooo!..)

4) losing a loved one or be separated from them (aww)

5) the dark (you don’t know what’s in there!)

6) my terror teacher. )

7) failing and low grades

SEVEN THINGS YOU LIKE THE MOST (7 lang?? XD)

1) books! all books!

2) music. it is my passion. ^^

3) the PC. It is so multifunctional. Diba? Diba diba?

4) my phone. The three of them.

5) any FM radio. Boring na ang repetitive music, hahaha. Be random!

6) going out. Going to malls, to parks, anywhere interesting.

7) doing anything artsy like doing arts and crafts, singing, dancing, writing, etc.,

SEVEN IMPORTANT THINGS IN YOUR ROOM

1) clothes and vanity items. hahaha. The reason why I’m always late.

2) my trusted radio.

3) my phone/s

4) scrapbooks and memory box

5) gifts from family and friends

6) my musical instruments

7) my arts and crafts instruments and paraphernalia. )

SEVEN RANDOM FACTS ABOUT YOU

1) When I hear any dance song and I’m alone, I dance. )

2) I turn the fan on even of its so cold. But I still cuddle the covers.

3) I give weird code names to people.

4) I love chocolate even though it’s bad for me.

5) I have scoliosis but I want to learn break dancing. )

6) I become fat when I stay at my Lola’s house in San Pedro . ^^

7) I love Dance Maniacs and Dance Dance Revolution.

SEVEN THINGS YOU PLAN TO DO BEFORE YOU DIE

1) be at peace with all my enemies if I have one.

2) Go to Paris

3) meet my boyfriend, Nick Jonas. )

4) be famous! hahaha

5) travel around the world carrying God’s word.

6) learn all kinds of martial arts

7) swim professionally.

SEVEN THINGS YOU CAN DO

1) cross a busy street or road without anyone guiding me

2) I can sing and dance. Well.. Haha, yabang ko. XD

3) I can be mataray at times. Pero I’m usually friendly.

4) Text w/o looking at my phone screen

5) Be a good friend

6) Do web pages because of HTML

7) Be civil to someone who irritates me

SEVEN THINGS YOU CAN’T DO

1) Talk back to my parents.

2) Hurt someone physicaly.

3) Lie. For example, I have to go to the mall with some friends. I’ll tell Mom the truth. Unlike some of my friends, hahaha. Peace.

4) Talk in straight English and Tagalog. It has to be Taglish! )

5) I can’t seem to pronounce the letters r and l properly

6) Betray someone.

7) Talk about something “green” with my friends. Eew.

SEVEN THINGS THAT ATTRACT YOU TO THE OPPOSITE SEX

1) being a gentleman. Kahit simple things lang like carrying my bag, or opening the door for me.

2) kindness. To everyone.

3) loves God and is passionate about Him.

4) someone who is not recorded and choreographed. I mean someone na nagpapakatotoo sa sarili niya and not like he practices everything that he do.

5) someone who is funny and has a sense of humor.

6) athletic, good dancer, and good singer. ) halos lahat ata ng crush ko varsity at musicians.

7) pagiging hygienic. pero hindi vain!

SEVEN THINGS YOU SAY THE MOST

1)Gosh, Oh gosh, or Oh My Gosh. (OMG)

2) Yep.

3) Putek!

4) Kasi naman e!

5) Ang garfield mo. )

6) Weh. Di nga?

7) yeah. *smug*

SEVEN CELEB CRUSHES

1) Nick Jonas. He’s my boyfriend nga e. Kulit. )

2) Chris Brown.

3) Robert Pattinson, the Edward Cullen guy. Wiee,

4) Mart Escudero. XD

5) Van from PDA

6) Robert Schwartzman from Princess Diaries 1

7) Miguel Escueta

SEVEN PEOPLE YOU WANT TO SEE TAKE THIS TEST

sorry for breaking the rule but I want everyone to take the test. )

in Daddy’s Eyes: Spiritual Giftings

Score	Graph of Score	Spiritual Gift	Statement / Response
23	========================	Craftsmanship	4 = 5	32 = 3	60 = 5	88 = 5	116 = 5
21	======================	Pastoring	21 = 5	49 = 5	77 = 3	105 = 5	133 = 3
19	====================	Faith	9 = 3	37 = 5	65 = 1	93 = 5	121 = 5
19	====================	Missionary	19 = 3	47 = 3	75 = 5	103 = 5	131 = 3
17	==================	Celibacy	3 = 3	31 = 3	59 = 5	87 = 3	115 = 3
17	==================	Music	20 = 5	48 = 5	76 = 1	104 = 1	132 = 5
13	==============	Discernment	5 = 3	33 = 1	61 = 3	89 = 3	117 = 3
13	==============	Mercy	17 = 3	45 = 3	73 = 1	101 = 5	129 = 1
13	==============	Encouragement	6 = 3	34 = 3	62 = 1	90 = 3	118 = 3
13	==============	Exhortation	8 = 3	36 = 1	64 = 1	92 = 5	120 = 3
13	==============	Teaching	24 = 3	52 = 1	80 = 5	108 = 1	136 = 3
13	==============	Hospitality	13 = 3	41 = 3	69 = 3	97 = 1	125 = 3
12	=============	Miracles	18 = 5	46 = 1	74 = 0	102 = 1	130 = 5
9	==========	Wisdom	27 = 3	55 = 1	83 = 1	111 = 3	139 = 1
9	==========	Apostle	2 = 3	30 = 3	58 = 1	86 = 1	114 = 1
9	==========	Writing	28 = 3	56 = 1	84 = 1	112 = 1	140 = 3
9	==========	Giving	10 = 3	38 = 3	66 = 1	94 = 1	122 = 1
9	==========	Helps	12 = 3	40 = 1	68 = 1	96 = 1	124 = 3
8	=========	Prophecy	23 = 1	51 = 3	79 = 3	107 = 1	135 = 0
8	=========	Leadership	16 = 1	44 = 1	72 = 1	100 = 5	128 = 0
8	=========	Evangelism	7 = 3	35 = 0	63 = 1	91 = 1	119 = 3
7	========	Healing	11 = 3	39 = 1	67 = 3	95 = 0	123 = 0
7	========	Knowledge	15 = 1	43 = 1	71 = 3	99 = 1	127 = 1
5	======	Poverty	22 = 1	50 = 1	78 = 1	106 = 1	134 = 1
5	======	TonguesInterpreting	25 = 1	53 = 3	81 = 1	109 = 0	137 = 0
5	======	Administration	1 = 1	29 = 1	57 = 1	85 = 1	113 = 1
4	=====	Intercession	14 = 1	42 = 1	98 = 1	126 = 1
1	==	TonguesSpeaking	26 = 0	54 = 1	82 = 0	110 = 0	138 = 0

I took this test which I saw in Gem’s Multiply account. You can take the test here.

As you can see, the results were good. Good nga ba? Kidding. I’m sure now that I have a very productive gifting, Craftmanship. That’s the highest eh. And I know what gifts I should learn or enhance. Yun lang. Try it. It’s great.